Monipuolinen
Ratkaisu yksinkertaisiin ja monimutkaisiin liikkeenohjaustoimintoihin - useita erilaisia sovellusmoduuleita.
Parametrointia ohjelmoinnin sijaan
Vähentää käyttöönoton kustannuksia ja säästää aikaa.
Innovatiivinen
Kaikki yhdessä käyttöliittymässä.
Käyttäjäystävällinen
Helppo ja intuitiivinen käyttö laitteistosta riippumatta.
Parametrointia ohjelmoinnin sijaan: MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoodulit on helppo ottaa käyttöön graafisen konfiguroinnin ja diagnosoinnin avulla. Standardoidut ohjelmistomoduulimme kattavat kaiken yksinkertaisista käyttölaitetoiminnoista, kuten nopeusohjauksesta ja paikoituksesta haastaviin liikkeenohjaustoimintoihin sekä robotiikkaan.
MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduulit ovat myös vapaasti ohjelmoitavissa. Ne ovat täydellisesti yhteensopivia MOVI-C® CONTROLLER ohjaustekniikan kanssa. MOVISUITE® engineering -ohjelmiston avulla MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuli sovitetaan suoraan akselille tai ohjaimelle ja konfiguroidaan graafisesti ohjattujen editorien avulla. Näin sinulla on pääsy kaikkiin asiaankuuluviin parametreihin moottorin käyttöönotosta ohjelmiston asetuksiin - kaikki yhdessä käyttöliittymässä. MOVIKIT® on integroitu IEC-ohjelmointijärjestelmään automaattisen IEC-koodin generoinnilla. Sovellusmoduuleita voidaan ohjata IEC-ohjelmointijärjestelmästä intuitiivisen käyttöliittymän avulla. Kaikki MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduulit tarjoavat sekä perinteisen että olioperustaisen rajapinnan edistyksellisen ohjelmistoarkkitehtuurin toteuttamiseen.
"AutomationFramework"-kategoria sisältää standardoidun tilan- ja moodinhallinnan PackML-yhteensopivuudella (Packaging Machine Language). Perusohjelman lisäksi saatavilla erilaisia konemoduuleja.
At the heart of MOVIKIT® AutomationFramework is a standardized state and mode manager with PackML compatibility. This uses the defined modes and states and also offers correspondingly defined interfaces such as PackTags.
A master and a sample slave are included in the basic program. More machine modules can easily be added to the program from a basic project. MOVIKIT® AutomationFramework also offers a range of additional functions on top of this. These include, for example, troubleshooting, recipe management, and a simulation environment for all incoming machine modules and prepared HMI modules.
Available machine modules:
"Communication"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmooduleja.
MOVIKIT® OPC UA provides a basic solution for integrating and visualizing components. The functionality is implemented via the OPC UA communication protocol. MOVIKIT® OPC UA provides an OPC UA server on MOVI-C® CONTROLLER progressive UHX65A. This can then be used to integrate third-party devices or visualizations (e.g. HMI, augmented reality, tablets).
A prerequisite for integrating third-party devices/visualizations is support of the OPC UA communication protocol and provision of an OPC UA client.
The MOVIKIT® OPC UA addon SensorInterface software module makes it easy to connect various sensors via an OPC UA client. The various sensor connections are combined under the MOVIKIT® OPC UA addon SensorInterface license. The DUV40A IoT sensor from SEW-EURODRIVE (part number 19175892) is recommended. The MOVIKIT® OPC UA addon SensorInterface software module is an add-on product that is based on the MOVIKIT® OPC UA software module. Consequently, users require both software modules.
Find out more about our Condition Monitoring service
This MOVIKIT® software module activates the PROFINET IO controller functionality via PROFINET. This communication functionality can be used to connect decentralized field units, especially third-party units, to PROFINET to implement automation solutions (e.g. for production technology, process automation, or building automation) and the entire spectrum of drive technology. PROFINET IO is based on Ethernet TCP/IP and offers a comprehensive solution for the cyclic exchange of I/O data and the simultaneous acyclic exchange of demand data. Users must have the UHX65-M-xx hardware to activate the MOVIKIT® PROFINET IO-Controller software license.
This MOVIKIT® software module activates the Ethernet/IPTM scanner functionality via EtherNet/IPTM. This communication functionality can be used to connect multilayer targets to EtherNet/IPTM, which increases the number of sensors that can be connected to the devices. It also means additional, new applications can be implemented. However, users must have the UHX65-M-xx hardware to activate the software license.
"Drive"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleja, joita käytetään suoraan taajuusmuuttajassa.
The MOVIKIT® Velocity Drive software module enables applications with velocity control and a standardized process data interface.
The MOVIKIT® Positioning Drive software module enables positioning applications with a standardized process data interface.
The MOVIKIT® RapidCreepPositioning Drive software module enables conventional "rapid / creep speed positioning" without a motor encoder, using a standardized process data interface. Positioning is performed by means of initiators used for changing from fast to slow speed or for activating stop deceleration.
The MOVIKIT® BinaryTablePositioning Drive software module implements positioning and speed applications. It can be used with binary devices or devices controlled via AS-Interface, with an identical scope of functions.
The MOVIKIT® Torque Drive software module is used for speed control, torque control, or torque limiting applications with a standardized process data interface.
The MOVIKIT® ASi LocalMotorStarter Drive software module includes various operating modes for horizontal and vertical logistics applications. Control takes place via a clearly defined interface (AS-Interface).
The MOVIKIT® Article Length and Gap Measurement Drive software module makes it possible to determine the length of an article and/or the gap between two articles, based on the motor position and with the help of connected sensors.
"Drive"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleja, joita käytetään suoraan taajuusmuuttajassa.
The "DriveRadar® – Model Based Monitoring" software module calculates a mathematical model of the application during operation. This calculated data can then be compared with the actual values of the application, and any deviations or changes can be recorded and evaluated. The recorded data can be exported as CSV or JSON files and processed for further diagnostic purposes.
In contrast to conventional condition monitoring, there is no need to record reference curves with this software, which makes it suitable for changing curve profiles such as those that occur during a format change. In combination with conventional condition monitoring, existing reference curves can be transformed into new curve profiles, without any need to teach in a reference curve again.
Advantage: No wear is taught in.
The calculated data can also be exported as an SEW-Workbench format and imported into SEW-Workbench (SEW-EURODRIVE planning and configuration tool) for project planning purposes. This includes complex curve profiles that SEW-Workbench is unable to map.
"MOTION" -kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleja, jotka soveltuvat erityisiin liikkeenohjaustoimintoihin. Tämä kategoria sisältää lisäosia, joita voidaan käyttää muiden kategorioiden ohjelmistomoduuleille.
MOVIKIT® EncoderInterface is used to convert data from an external source (e.g. a distance encoder connected directly to EtherCAT® or any other variable) from system units to user units. This can involve both modulo and numerator/denominator processing of the synchronized data. In addition, the scope of functions includes the possibility of referencing and provides fail-safe offset and remainder management.
MOVIKIT® Motion addon AntiSway expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® MultiMotion, MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming, and MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController by adding a function for suppressing vibrations in the drive train.
Using this function can suppress vibrations that exhibit a dominant resonant frequency. In certain operating modes of MOVIKIT® Motion addon AntiSway, it is also possible to suppress a variable resonant frequency.
MOVIKIT® Motion addon AntiSway supports the following application types:
The MOVIKIT® CamSwitch software module is a controller-based cam switch with a scalable number of cam tracks and cams.
It has the following features:
"MultiAxisController"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleita, joilla voidaan keskitetysti ohjata mitä tahansa mekaanisesti kytkettyjä käyttölaitteita tai moniakselisovelluksia.
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController uses a software module to achieve mechanically coupled drives (loose or rigid coupling). It is possible to choose between correcting skewing or equalizing the torque of two drives. Licenses are available for using the various operating modes.
The software module replaces the conventional master/slave operation and offers expanded functionality compared to the position-synchronous master/slave setup.
The following functions are available with both the "Torque priority" torque mode and the "Skewing priority" skewing mode:
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController Skewing makes it possible to correct skewing between mechanically coupled drives ("Skewing priority" operating mode).
The functions at a glance:
Solution for the following problems:
Replacement for the following features of generation B devices:
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController Torque makes it possible to equalize torques between mechanically coupled drives ("Torque priority" operating mode).
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController Torque Skewing combines the functions of the "MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController Torque" and "MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController Skewing" software modules.
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController addon Cascading expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController by offering the option of operating several axis groups in a cascade.
Cascading is necessary, for example, when each side of a gantry crane (A-side and B-side) has been designed with two drives. The drives of both the A-side and the B-side ought to be in the "Torque priority" operating mode. At a higher level, the A-side and B-side ought to be run in the "Skewing priority" operating mode.
MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController addon FourAxes expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® MultiAxisController by adding the option of controlling up to four drives.
"MultiMotion"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleita liikkeenohjaustoimintojen toteuttamiseksi akseleiden interpoloinnissa. Määriteltyä IEC-liityntää voidaan käyttää liikeprofiilien aktivoimiseen ja päällekkäisiin liikeprofiileihin.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Auxiliary Positioning is a software module for non-interpolating axes for configuring positioning, speed, and torque specifications. MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Auxiliary Positioning is suitable for controlling auxiliary axes (e.g. conveyor belts).
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Auxiliary Positioning is included in the MOVIRUN® flexible license.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Auxiliary Velocity is a software module for non-interpolating axes for configuring speed and torque specifications. It is suitable for controlling auxiliary axes in simple applications (such as conveyor belts).
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Auxiliary Velocity is included in the MOVIRUN® flexible license.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming offers the full scope of MOVIKIT® MultiMotion plus a camming function.
Coordinated and synchronized movements were a focal point of development work on the MOVIKIT® software modules. As a result, we can also offer you functions such as interpolated speed control, positioning, and tracking, along with Touchprobe and cam functionality.
This is ideal for applications such as those in packaging machines with electronic cams, cross cutters, or flying saws.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Gearing is based on MOVIKIT® MultiMotion and expands the functionality of this software module by adding position-related synchronous operation between two or more axes.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming addon AntiSlosh expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming by adding a function for generating travel profiles that reduce vibrations when liquids are being moved in intermittent cycles. Configuration can be carried out via graphical interfaces in the MOVISUITE® engineering tool or through the application program.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming addon Interpolation expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® MultiMotion Camming by adding a function for generating travel profiles based on the interpolation of setpoint tables. It is possible to interpolate up to 1024 setpoints with linear or cubic interpolation and up to 64 setpoints with spline interpolation. The setpoint tables can either be stored as ASCII files on the MOVI-C® CONTROLLER memory card or generated directly from the application program.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion addon CombinedEncoderEvaluation expands the functionality of a MOVIKIT® software module (e.g. MultiMotion) by adding a combined encoder evaluation. This makes it possible to combine a high-resolution motor encoder with a low-resolution distance encoder that is subject to delay (dead time). The low-resolution distance encoder ensures a reliable reference to the machine, even when there are frictional connections between the motor and the machine.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion addon CombinedEncoderEvaluation uses this to generate a machine-referenced and dynamically usable high-resolution encoder signal.
MOVIKIT® MultiMotion addon PositionController expands the functionality of a MOVIKIT® software module (e.g. MOVIKIT® MultiMotion) by adding central positioning control and a conventional encoder evaluation. When MOVIKIT® MultiMotion addon PositionController is used in conjunction with MOVIKIT® MultiMotion addon CombinedEncoderEvaluation, a combined encoder evaluation can be used as the data source.
"Power and Energy Solutions"-kategoria sisältää energianhallintaratkaisuja.
MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions DirectMode, when combined with an MDP92A power supply module or an MDE90A energy converter from the Power and Energy Solutions product range, makes the process of supplying power to inverters in the MOVIDRIVE® modular product family both simple and programmable. MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions DirectMode is designed in particular for applications with no energy storage unit.
MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions EnergyMode enables highly efficient energy supply solutions with the energy storage unit decoupled from the DC link and simple supply from the AC grid (bridge rectifier).
The energy storage unit is not connected to the DC link directly, but rather via an MDE90A energy converter from SEW-EURODRIVE's Power and Energy Solutions product range.
This is beneficial in terms of lower discharge and a more compact design for the energy storage unit. Software support at the control level is provided by MOVIKIT® EnergyMode.
MOVIKIT® Power and Energy Solutions PowerMode, when combined with an MDP92A power supply module or an MDE90A energy converter from SEW-EURODRIVE's Power and Energy Solutions product range and additional energy storage units, enables highly efficient power supply solutions for inverters in the MOVIDRIVE® modular product family.
This MOVIKIT® solution is therefore designed in particular for applications with energy storage units that are switched directly to the DC link. MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions PowerMode offers the functionality of MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions DirectMode, plus additional functions designed specifically for the application scenario described.
The MOVIKIT® PowerAndEnergySolutions addon PredictiveChargeControl software module changes the state of charge of the energy storage unit depending on the potential energy, rotational energy, and kinetic energy of the application.
The first version of the software module offers the option of changing the state of charge of the energy storage unit, based on the potential height energy of hoists or vertical drives. The positions of the individual lifting axes are offset against each other to reduce or increase the required state of charge of the energy storage unit, based on the expected amount of recuperated energy. A set amount is kept in reserve for further drives and travel movements. This function helps to adapt the energy storage unit's state of charge specifically to the travel movements, to save energy, and to reduce both the required storage capacity and the associated high purchase costs of the storage system.
"Robotics"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleita robotiikkaohjaukseen.
Lisätieja SEW-EURODRIVEn robotiikan ratkaisuista.
MOVIKIT® Robotics is the basic software for controlling a robot. MOVIKIT® Robotics provides a wide range of models for parameterization (e.g. specifying dimensions).
MOVIKIT® Robotics is an individual license for one robot.
MOVIKIT® Robotics addon MediumModels expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® Robotics by adding the option of configuring kinematic models with three or four joint axes. The types of kinematic models included are gantry robots, roller gantries, delta robots, tripods, SCARA, and mixed designs. The corresponding 3D visualizations of the kinematic models are included in the scope of functions.
MOVIKIT® Robotics addon LargeModels expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® Robotics by adding the option of configuring kinematic models with five or six joint axes, or at least two degrees of orientational freedom. This covers kinematic models of all types. The scope of functions includes the corresponding 3D visualizations of the kinematic models.
Das MOVIKIT® Robotics addon ConveyorTracking erweitert den Funktionsumfang des MOVIKIT® Robotics um die Möglichkeit der Interpolation in bewegten Koordinatensystemen.
Anwendungsfälle sind z. B. die Entnahme von Teilen von einem Förderband und Ablage in statischer Umgebung oder das direkte Umsetzen von Waren zwischen mehreren Förderbändern.
MOVIKIT® Robotics addon Touchprobe expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® Robotics by adding the option of measuring the current Cartesian position or carrying out true-to-path sensor-based positioning when a sensor is triggered or there is a change in the status of a BOOL variable.
Applications for the Touchprobe function range from palletizing or depalletizing where the height of the parts is variable or unknown to the sensor-based execution of actions.
MOVIKIT® Robotics addon Circle expands the functionality of MOVIKIT® Robotics by adding the option of circular interpolation. The circle segment can be parameterized in various ways:
Using MOVIKIT® addon CollisionDetection removes the need for any expensive sensor technology on the robot tool or the arm elements. This is because the add-on module can reliably detect any collision on the tool or other mechanical parts of the robot by continuously comparing the actual status of the robot with its target status, based on dynamic modeling.
Collision responses such as the true-to-path emergency stop can be configured in advance or integrated directly into the motion program using parameterizable commands.
"SingleAxis"-kategoria sisältää kaikki MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduulit, joissa on parametroitavia toiminnallisuuksia ja standardoitu prosessidataliityntä.
Toisin kuin "MultiMotion" kategoriassa, käyttöönotossa ja diagnosoinnissa ei vaadita ohjelmointia.
MOVIKIT® Gearing is for synchronous operation applications with a clearly defined fieldbus interface. In addition to the Gearing mode for synchronous operation applications, the software module offers all the familiar basic operating modes from MOVIKIT® Positioning (jog mode, velocity control, positioning mode, referencing mode). With MOVIKIT® Gearing, the inverter is interpolated in all operating modes.
MOVIKIT® Positioning is for positioning applications with a clearly defined fieldbus interface. This software module mainly utilizes the basic functions of the application inverter in use by activating the corresponding function blocks (e.g. FCB 09 Position control) as appropriate to the application. As a result, the scope of functions that can be used depends on the application inverter in use (e.g. encoder feedback available).
MOVIKIT® Velocity is for applications with velocity control and a clearly defined fieldbus interface. This software module mainly utilizes the basic functions of the application inverter in use by activating the corresponding function blocks (e.g. FCB 09 Position control) as appropriate to the application. As a result, the scope of functions that can be used depends on the application inverter in use (e.g. encoder feedback available).
The MOVIKIT® Winder software module provides functions in a program library for implementing winding applications. As a result, users can wind or unwind materials while maintaining a constant tension or a constant path velocity.
In winding applications, different materials and mechanical conditions call for different winding technologies.
The MOVIKIT® RotaryKnife software module makes it possible to implement electronic cam applications with the rotary knife function and a clearly defined fieldbus interface. In addition to the "Automatic" operating mode, the software module offers all the familiar basic operating modes from the MOVIKIT® Positioning software module (jog mode, velocity control, positioning mode, referencing mode). With the MOVIKIT® RotaryKnife software module, the inverter is interpolated in all operating modes.
The MOVIKIT® FilmFeeder software module makes it possible to implement the film feed function with print mark recognition and a clearly defined fieldbus interface.
In addition to the "Automatic" operating mode, the software module offers all the familiar basic operating modes from the MOVIKIT® Positioning software module (jog mode, velocity control, positioning mode, referencing mode). With the MOVIKIT® FilmFeeder software module, the inverter is interpolated in all operating modes.
MOVIKIT® FlyingSaw is a software module for implementing applications with machining processes in which a tool synchronizes in a linear motion with the product being machined. In addition to the "Automatic" operating mode, the software module offers all the familiar basic operating modes from the MOVIKIT® Positioning software module (jog mode, velocity control, positioning mode, referencing mode). With the MOVIKIT® FlyingSaw software module, the inverter is interpolated in all operating modes.
"StackerCrane"-kategoria sisältää MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleja, joilla toteutetaan mm. korkeavarastojärjestelmiä.
MOVIKIT® StackerCrane effiDRIVE® can be used for all storage/retrieval systems with up to four travel axes and four lifting axes. Optimizing the travel cycles of vertical lifting drives and horizontal travel drives achieves energy savings of up to 25%. Furthermore, the functionality can be expanded by adding multi-axis control or vibration damping, for example.
The software modules "MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiMotion" and "MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiAxisController" are available for adding subordinate single axes or axis groups.
The MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiAxisController software module is used to add several axes in one direction of travel under MOVIKIT® StackerCrane effiDRIVE®. Single axes that are subordinate to MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiAxisController require the MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiMotion software module.
MOVIKIT® StackerCrane MultiMotion is used to add a single axis in one direction of travelunder MOVIKIT® StackerCrane effiDRIVE®.
The MOVIKIT® StackerCrane CombiTelescope software module makes it possible to implement "combi-telescope" load handling devices, which are primarily used for storage and retrieval in automated small parts warehouses. The combi-telescope consists of a telescope and up to four belts. The MOVIKIT® Gearing software module is used for the subordinate single axes (telescope and belts).
"Visualization"-kategoriaan sisältyvät sovellusmoduulit mahdollistavat selkeän, graafisen käyttöliittymän MOVI-C® CONTROLLER:n kanssa.
Das MOVIKIT® Visualization basic sorgt dafür, dass der MOVI-C® CONTROLLER progressive UHX65A mit einer grafischen Benutzerschnittstelle (Visualisierung) ausgestattet werden kann.
Dazu muss das Softwaremodul auf dem Windows-Teil (CFast-SpeicherkarteOMW) des MOVI-C® CONTROLLER installiert werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die vom MOVI-C® CONTROLLER erzeugten Daten grafisch visualisieren. Für die Anzeige ist die lokale DisplayPort-Schnittstelle oder – über ein abgesetztes Browser-Panel – die Web-Visualisierung nutzbar.
MOVIKIT® Visualization flexible is used to equip a separate Windows device with a graphical user interface (visualization). To achieve this, the software module must be installed on this Windows HMI device.
That makes it possible to create a 1:1 connection between the external Windows device and a MOVI-C® CONTROLLER, and the data from this controller can be depicted graphically.
The local options on the Windows device can be used for the display, or a separate browser panel can be connected via the integrated web server.
MOVIKIT® Visualization multi is required to equip a separate Windows device with a graphical user interface (visualization). To achieve this, the software module must be installed on this Windows HMI device.
An external Windows device can thus combine the data from several MOVI-C® CONTROLLERS and display this data collectively in graphical form.
The local options on the Windows device can be used for the display, or a separate browser panel can be connected via the integrated web server.
The MOVIKIT® Web Visualization software module is required to implement a display and diagnostics option on independent display units. The software module must be implemented on a MOVI-C® CONTROLLER for this purpose.
This means that motion control functions and visualization can be implemented on a single MOVI-C® CONTROLLER.
All that is needed for display purposes is a device capable of browsing the web, such as a web panel, tablet, or smartphone.
"Bundle"-kategoria yhdistää useita MOVIKIT®-sovellusmoduuleja, joita käytetään tiettyjen sovelluksien tai konetyyppien konfigurointiin.
License bundle for form, fill, and seal (FFS) machines
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical horizontal or vertical FFS machines and their machine-specific functions, such as wrapping, cutting, and sealing.
License bundle for form, fill, and seal (FFS) machines
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical horizontal filling and sealing machines for liquids, with the focus on supporting machine-specific functions such as wrapping, cutting, and sealing.
License bundle for cam-based erectors and case packers (CP-SL)
Consisting of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical sideloader case packers (multipackers) and carton erectors, this bundle is geared to supporting machine-specific functions such as cutting, gluing, and cam control.
License bundle for case packers with robot kinematics (CP-TL)
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical toploader case packers that are driven by robot kinematics. It supports machine-specific functions such as transformation, product tracking, gluing, and cam control.
License bundle for palletizers and X-Y gantry robots (EoL)
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical palletizers and gantries with two-axis robot kinematics (2D), including machine-specific functions for gantry axes and wrapping.
License bundle for palletizing robots (EoL ROB)
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical palletizing robots with four-axis robot kinematics and their transformations. It also includes additional machine-specific functions such as product tracking, position detection, and collision detection.
License bundle for palletizing robots (EoL ROB)
This bundle consists of software licenses for implementing the applications of typical palletizing robots with four-axis robot kinematics and their transformations. It also includes additional machine-specific functions such as product tracking, position detection, and collision detection.